多層股權結構就是自然人不直接持股,，而是通過法人持股的方式,，層層持股,，既能保證控制權的穩(wěn)定性,，還不影響收益的流向。

A multi-layered equity structure refers to natural persons not directly holding shares, but holding shares through legal entities, ensuring the stability of control without affecting the flow of income.

1,、構建蓄水資金池,，既能合理節(jié)稅，又可以實現(xiàn)收益的二次投資

1. Building a water storage fund pool can not only save taxes reasonably, but also achieve secondary investment of profits

如：直接持股與通過雙層架構法人持股,，可以節(jié)省20%的個稅,。

For example, direct shareholding and dual layered corporate shareholding can save 20% of personal income tax.

1）張三成立公司A，張三持股80%,，張三妻持股20%,，公司發(fā)展三年就實現(xiàn)了盈利1000萬。張三又想成立一個公司B,，計劃投資500萬,，如果還是用他和配偶兩個人分別是成立這個公司B的話，要想把A公司的利潤拿出500萬投資到B公司,，得先把這500萬合法分紅給他夫妻二人,，這樣的話要交20%的個人所得稅，實際就只剩400萬了,。

1) Zhang San established Company A, with Zhang San holding 80% of the shares and Zhang San's wife holding 20%. Within three years of development, the company achieved a profit of 10 million yuan. Zhang San wants to establish Company B again, with a planned investment of 5 million yuan. If he and his spouse are to establish Company B separately, and he wants to invest 5 million yuan from Company A's profits in Company B, he must first legally distribute the 5 million yuan as dividends to his and his spouse. In this case, he will have to pay 20% personal income tax, but in reality, there is only 4 million left.

2）如果張三和他配偶共同成立了投資公司A,，由A全資控股原公司B，B公司將利潤500萬分到投資公司A,，不用交所得稅（稅法規(guī)定居民間企業(yè)投資收益,，不需要交納個人所得稅），再由投資公司A投資控股C公司,，將這500萬以投資的方式打到C公司的賬戶上,，既合法又合規(guī),。

2) If Zhang San and his spouse jointly establish investment company A, with A fully controlling the original company B, Company B will distribute the profit of 5 million yuan to Investment Company A without paying income tax (according to tax laws, investment income from private enterprises does not need to be subject to personal income tax), and then Investment Company A will invest and control Company C, transferring this 5 million yuan to Company C's account through investment, which is both legal and compliant.

這樣將A公司作為創(chuàng)始人的投資主體平臺，就可以實現(xiàn)不局限于投資這一個項目,，還可以將項目的投資收益蓄存在該平臺公司,，這樣就形成了蓄水池一樣的資金池，可以繼續(xù)投資到其他項目,，也能實現(xiàn)財富的傳承,。

By using Company A as the founder's investment platform, it is possible to not only invest in this project, but also store the investment returns of the project in the platform company, forming a pool of funds like a reservoir that can continue to be invested in other projects and achieve wealth inheritance.

2、設置風險防火墻,，以合伙企業(yè)實現(xiàn)利益群體控制權的高度集中,。

2. Set up a risk firewall to achieve a high degree of concentration of interest group control in partnership enterprises.

通過搭建一層法人公司，采用有限責任的方式,，就可以規(guī)避一定的風險,，在自然人和主體公司之間，建立了一層防火墻,。

By building a legal entity company and adopting a limited liability approach, certain risks can be avoided, and a firewall can be established between natural persons and the main company.

或者通過有限合伙企業(yè)作為持股平臺,，將持股平臺的普通合伙人（GP）設置成有限責任公司，有限責任公司由創(chuàng)始股東來控股,，就可以實現(xiàn)以少控多的股權架構,，搭建的合伙平臺還可以吸納更多的外部資金。如馬云對螞蟻金服的控制,。通過搭建多層次股權架構,，就可以實現(xiàn)將核心利益人員捆綁在一個公司的主體內(nèi)，形成利益或命運共同體,。

Alternatively, by using a limited partnership enterprise as a shareholding platform, the general partners (GP) of the shareholding platform can be set up as a limited liability company, which is controlled by the founding shareholders. This can achieve a shareholding structure with less control and more control, and the established partnership platform can also attract more external funds. Like Jack Ma's control over Ant Financial. By building a multi-level equity structure, it is possible to bind core stakeholders within the main body of a company, forming a community of interests or a shared future.

3、運用金字塔原理,，實現(xiàn)小資金控制大集團

3. Using the Pyramid Principle to Realize Small Funds Controlling Large Groups

王總準備成立A公司,，注冊資本為5000萬，如果王總一個人想要實現(xiàn)對公司的控制,，在持股51%的情況下需投資2550萬元,。這時如王總用多層次股權架構，一邊融資一邊實現(xiàn)控制,，用小資金控制近10多倍規(guī)模的A公司,，以最少資金控制盡量大的資源，一位實際控制人通過少量的資金,，控制整個集團,，實現(xiàn)控制權和資金充的分離，實現(xiàn)高效融資,，放大資金務數(shù),。這種結構有利手維護實體公司的“穩(wěn)定性”,，有利于后期的資本運作。

Mr. Wang is preparing to establish Company A with a registered capital of 50 million yuan. If Mr. Wang wants to control the company alone, he needs to invest 25.5 million yuan with a 51% stake. At this point, Mr. Wang uses a multi-level equity structure, financing while achieving control, using small funds to control Company A, which is nearly 10 times larger in scale, and controlling as much resources as possible with minimal funds. An actual controller controls the entire group with a small amount of funds, achieving the separation of control and capital adequacy, achieving efficient financing, and amplifying capital transactions. This structure is conducive to maintaining the stability of the physical company and facilitating the later capital operation.