針對企業(yè)家們普遍對于股權架構頂層設計的價值與意義認知不夠的實際情況,，為讓企業(yè)家們認清股權頂層架構設計的現(xiàn)實必要性，山東頂層架構設計公司將結合多年的股權咨詢和服務的實戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗,，從控制權和稅務成本兩個維度來解析如何進行股權架構設計,，以期對企業(yè)家朋友產(chǎn)生有益的啟發(fā)和思考。

In view of the fact that entrepreneurs generally do not understand the value and significance of the top-level design of equity structure, in order to make entrepreneurs understand the practical necessity of the top-level design of equity structure, Shandong Top-level Architecture Design Company will combine years of practical experience in equity consulting and services to analyze how to design equity structure from the two dimensions of control and tax costs, with a view to generating beneficial inspiration and thinking for entrepreneurs.

一,、企業(yè)進行股權架構設計的意義

1,、 The significance of equity structure design for enterprises

股權架構是公司治理的源頭，良好的股權架構將為公司管理,、決策以及開展股權激勵和股權融資奠定堅實的基礎,；如果股權架構存在隱患，那么隨著公司發(fā)展,，股東之間往往會產(chǎn)生分歧和矛盾,，甚至產(chǎn)生控制權糾紛。

The equity structure is the source of corporate governance, and a good equity structure will lay a solid foundation for corporate management, decision-making, and equity incentive and equity financing; If there are hidden dangers in the equity structure, then with the development of the company, there will often be differences and contradictions between shareholders, and even control disputes.

二,、通過股權架構設計可保障公司控制權

2,、 The company's control can be guaranteed through the design of equity structure

企業(yè)家實現(xiàn)公司控制權的方式主要包括內(nèi)部控制和外部架構控制，內(nèi)部控制可以通過股權控制,、協(xié)議和章程控制,、董事會控制等方式實現(xiàn)，外部控制包括控股公司金字塔杠桿架構和有限合伙企業(yè)架構,。

The ways for entrepreneurs to achieve corporate control mainly include internal control and external structure control. Internal control can be achieved through equity control, agreement and articles of association control, board control, etc. External control includes pyramid leverage structure of holding company and limited partnership structure.

關于內(nèi)部控制：

About internal control:

1,、企業(yè)家通過股權實現(xiàn)控制權，必須知道的幾條股權比例線,。

1. In order to realize control through equity, entrepreneurs must know several equity proportion lines.

企業(yè)要設計好股權架構,、消除公司發(fā)展過程中控制權隱患，就要熟悉相關股權比例對控制權的影響,。對于股東而言,，持有不同比例的股權具有不同的意義。

In order to design the equity structure and eliminate the hidden danger of control in the company's development process, enterprises should be familiar with the impact of relevant equity ratio on control. For shareholders, holding different proportions of equity has different meanings.

《公司法》中規(guī)定的幾個重要比例,，是股權控制的“生命線”,。根據(jù)公司法規(guī)定，持有67%（三分之二）以上股權的股東享有對公司絕對控制權,，有權決定公司的一切事項,；持有51%以上股權的股東享有對公司的相對控制權，有權決定公司的日常經(jīng)營事務,；持有公司34%（三分之一）以上的股東對公司重大事項享有一票否決權,。所以，通過股權比例實現(xiàn)控制是簡單高能效的控制方式,。

Several important proportions stipulated in the Company Law are the "lifeline" of equity control. According to the provisions of the Company Law, shareholders holding more than 67% (two thirds) of the shares enjoy absolute control over the company and have the right to decide all matters of the company; The shareholders holding more than 51% of the shares have the relative control over the company and have the right to decide the daily business affairs of the company; Shareholders holding more than 34% (one third) of the company have one vote of veto on major issues of the company. Therefore, controlling through equity ratio is a simple and efficient control method.

2,、一致行動協(xié)議,、委托投票、公司章程可以有效幫助企業(yè)家實現(xiàn)公司控制權,。

2. The agreement of concerted action, proxy voting and the articles of association can effectively help entrepreneurs achieve corporate control.

有些時候,，企業(yè)的客觀實際情況（比如股東未來貢獻價值在創(chuàng)業(yè)初期無法確定）決定了企業(yè)的股權分配比例一開始就無法做到有明確的實際控制人，出現(xiàn)平分股權或者股權均衡的情況,，這種情況下就只能通過股權控制以外的其他方式來解決前述問題帶來的公司沒有實際控制人的問題,。

In some cases, the objective and actual situation of the enterprise (for example, the future contribution value of shareholders cannot be determined at the initial stage of entrepreneurship) determines that the equity distribution proportion of the enterprise cannot have a clear actual controller at the beginning. In this case, the problem that the company has no actual controller can only be solved by means other than equity control.

股東之間通過簽署一致行動協(xié)議可以實現(xiàn)股東在出現(xiàn)分歧時以誰的意見作為決策依據(jù)的問題，或者股東將投票權直接委托給其他股東行使,，進而保證公司能夠有效決策,，不陷入僵局。

By signing a unanimous action agreement between shareholders, the issue of who's opinion should be taken as the basis for decision-making in case of disagreement can be realized, or shareholders can directly delegate their voting rights to other shareholders, so as to ensure that the company can make effective decisions without deadlock.

3,、控制董事會是企業(yè)家實現(xiàn)公司實際控制權的有效方式,。

3. Controlling the board of directors is an effective way for entrepreneurs to realize the actual control of the company.

公司董事會是公司日常經(jīng)營的決策機構，有權決定公司機構的設置和總經(jīng)理,、財務總監(jiān)等公司核心人員的選聘,、解聘。公司創(chuàng)始人通過享有董事會多數(shù)席位,，可以實現(xiàn)即便在股權比例不能絕對控股的情形下,，也可有效對公司實際控制，掌握公司的實際經(jīng)營權,。

The board of directors of the company is the decision-making body of the company's daily operation, and has the right to decide the establishment of the company's organization and the selection and dismissal of the company's key personnel such as the general manager and the chief financial officer. By enjoying the majority of the seats on the board of directors, the founder of the company can effectively control the company and grasp the actual management right of the company even if the equity ratio cannot be absolutely controlled.

現(xiàn)實中,，很多公司創(chuàng)始人因為認知原因，忽視股權架構的前期設計,，認為股權架構設計是大公司才會做的事,，自己的企業(yè)規(guī)模還小沒有必要考慮。后來,，隨著企業(yè)的經(jīng)營發(fā)展,、產(chǎn)業(yè)延伸，不斷壯大,，一些潛在的問題就開始慢慢顯現(xiàn)出來,，這時候為了解決問題再開始考慮找律師等專業(yè)人士提供解決方案，必然產(chǎn)生較大的時間和金錢成本,，需要付出巨大的代價,。

In reality, many founders of companies ignore the preliminary design of equity structure for cognitive reasons, and think that equity structure design is a thing that only large companies can do. It is not necessary to consider the size of their own enterprises. Later, with the business development, industrial extension and continuous expansion of the enterprise, some potential problems began to emerge slowly. At this time, in order to solve the problem, we began to consider looking for lawyers and other professionals to provide solutions, which will inevitably result in a large cost of time and money, and will have to pay a huge price.

其實，股權架構設計與公司經(jīng)營合法合規(guī)一樣,，跟公司規(guī)模的大小無關,，不論企業(yè)規(guī)模的大小，股權架構設計都有著同等重要的意義，與其亡羊補牢,，在出現(xiàn)問題后再調(diào)整,，不如提前做好規(guī)劃，盡早完善公司股權架構設計,。您對此有什么需求可以隨時來我們網(wǎng)站http://nequ.com.cn進行咨詢,！

In fact, the equity structure design is the same as the legal and compliance of the company's operation, and has nothing to do with the size of the company. Regardless of the size of the enterprise, the equity structure design has the same important significance. It is better to make a plan in advance and improve the company's equity structure design as soon as possible than to make up for the mistakes and adjust after the problems occur. You can come to our website at any time if you have any needs http://nequ.com.cn Consult!