股權(quán),，從狹義上講,，是股東權(quán)的簡稱，是指基于股東身份地位而享有的各種權(quán)利。對應(yīng)的法律依據(jù)是——我國《公司法》第4條規(guī)定,，“ 公司股東依法享有資產(chǎn)收益,、參與重大決策和選擇管理者等權(quán)利?！?/p>

Equity, in a narrow sense, is the abbreviation of shareholder rights, referring to various rights enjoyed based on shareholder status. The corresponding legal basis is Article 4 of China's Company Law, which stipulates that "shareholders of a company have the right to enjoy asset returns, participate in major decision-making, and choose managers in accordance with the law."

但也有法學家認為,，一般說的股權(quán)，實際上應(yīng)是廣義的,，并非單指股東的權(quán)利,，也包括股東的義務(wù)，是指股東獲得股東身份地位,，要享有股東權(quán)利及承擔義務(wù)的總稱,。

But some legal scholars also believe that the general concept of equity should be broad, not just referring to the rights of shareholders, but also including their obligations. It refers to the general term for shareholders to obtain shareholder status, enjoy shareholder rights, and assume obligations.

之所以這樣說，涉及常見的實踐問題,，例如：如果一老板進行股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓,，轉(zhuǎn)讓人能否只轉(zhuǎn)讓股東的權(quán)利；或者說股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓時,，僅僅轉(zhuǎn)讓的只是權(quán)利,，是否包括股東義務(wù)？ 從這方面可見,，“股權(quán)”包含什么內(nèi)容具有現(xiàn)實意義,。

The reason for saying this involves common practical issues, such as: if a boss transfers equity, can the transferor only transfer the rights of shareholders; Or rather, when transferring equity, only rights are transferred, does it include shareholder obligations? From this perspective, it can be seen that the content of "equity" has practical significance.

在實踐中，人們還常常用到“股份”這一概念,，使用時存在誤解,，有時有人拿“股份”與“股權(quán)”作為同一概念；有人又將其截然分開,，認為不是一回事,。我國《公司法》第一百二十五條對“股份”進行了規(guī)定，“股份有限公司的資本劃分為股份,，每一股的金額相等,。 公司的股份采取股票的形式。股票是公司簽發(fā)的證明股東所持股份的憑證,?！?/p>

In practice, people often use the concept of "shares", but there are misunderstandings when using it. Sometimes, some people use "shares" and "equity" as the same concept; Some people have completely separated it, believing that it is not the same thing. Article 125 of the Company Law of China stipulates that "shares" are the capital of a limited liability company, which is divided into shares, each of which has an equal amount. The company's shares are in the form of stocks. Stocks are certificates issued by the company to prove the shares held by shareholders

據(jù)此，總結(jié)一下一個基本法律常識,，在我國公司法規(guī)定一共有兩種公司形式：有限責任公司（即有限公司）和股份有限公司（股份公司）；而嚴格上在股份有限公司中,，才存在股份的說法,。兩個類型的公司都有股權(quán)的說法。

Based on this, to summarize a basic legal knowledge, there are two types of company forms stipulated in China's Company Law: limited liability company (i.e. limited liability company) and joint-stock limited company (joint-stock company); Strictly speaking, in a limited liability company, the concept of shares exists. The statement that both types of companies have equity.

也就是說，多少股數(shù)的說法,，一般對應(yīng)的是股份有限公司的資本份額,。一個有限責任公司，說多少股,，就不怎么規(guī)范了,，而有限責任公司將出資金額或出資比例更合適規(guī)范。

That is to say, the number of shares generally corresponds to the capital share of a limited liability company. A limited liability company may not be standardized based on the number of shares it holds, while a limited liability company may have more appropriate regulations on the amount or proportion of its investment.

這里面有個有意思的問題是,，公司法中對“股權(quán)”是沒有法律定義的,，但法律條文中直接使用了“股權(quán)”的字眼，這導致了“什么是股權(quán)”這一問題只能按法理概念去界定理解,。

An interesting issue here is that there is no legal definition of "equity" in the Company Law, but the term "equity" is directly used in legal provisions, which leads to the question of "what is equity" only being defined and understood according to legal concepts.

關(guān)于股份與股權(quán)的區(qū)別及關(guān)系,，說來簡單，但又專業(yè),，可概括為,，“股份是股權(quán)作為一種權(quán)利所指向的客體（客體是個法律概念，可以理解成載體）,?！痹诠煞莨緦用妫瑹o股份,，自無股權(quán)可言,；股份是表、是形式,，股權(quán)是里,，是本質(zhì)。

Regarding the difference and relationship between shares and equity, it can be said simply but professionally, and can be summarized as follows: "Shares are the object pointed to by equity as a right (the object is a legal concept, which can be understood as a carrier)." At the level of a joint-stock company, without shares, there is no equity; Shares are the form and form, while equity is the essence.

后再總結(jié)一點：在我國不是所有的企業(yè)都叫公司,；按照公司法規(guī)定設(shè)立的有兩種有限責任公司,，即我們常說的有限公司和股份公司；而股權(quán)只存在于公司中,。不是公司制企業(yè),，就沒有股權(quán)。

To summarize, not all enterprises in China are called companies; There are two types of limited liability companies established in accordance with the provisions of the Company Law, which are commonly referred to as limited liability companies and joint-stock companies; And equity only exists in the company. If it is not a corporate enterprise, there is no equity.

那么怎么區(qū)分是不是公司法上的公司呢,？ 看公司名字就行,。我國法律明確規(guī)定，有限責任公司類型的,，公司的名稱中必須有“有限責任公司或有限公司”字樣,，股份有限公司類型的，公司的名稱中必須有“股份有限公司或股份公司”字眼,。

So how to distinguish whether it is a company under company law? Just look at the company name. According to Chinese law, for the type of limited liability company, the name of the company must include the words "limited liability company or limited liability company", and for the type of joint-stock limited company, the name of the company must include the words "limited liability company or joint-stock company".

實踐中,，我們遇到有的商人之間簽署的是股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓協(xié)議,，但具體內(nèi)容中卻不涉及公司，這是非常不當?shù)?，所以說,，“股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓協(xié)議”不適用于所有出售企業(yè)的事情。

In practice, we encounter some businessmen signing equity transfer agreements, but the specific content does not involve the company, which is very inappropriate. Therefore, "equity transfer agreements" do not apply to all sales of enterprises.

廣義的企業(yè)包括個體工商戶,，有時候并購企業(yè)還涉及個體工商戶,。可能有的人不理解“個體工商戶”還有出售轉(zhuǎn)讓的嗎 ,？簡單舉個例子,，大家就會明白。實踐中有很多大酒店,、度假村,，名字聽著響當當?shù)模珡膱?zhí)照上,，這個企業(yè)僅僅是“個體工商戶”,，拿的是個體戶的營業(yè)執(zhí)照。

Broadly speaking, enterprises include individual businesses, and sometimes mergers and acquisitions also involve individual businesses. Perhaps some people do not understand that "individual businesses" still sell and transfer? Just give a simple example, and everyone will understand. In practice, there are many large hotels and resorts with loud names, but from the license, this enterprise is only a "sole proprietorship", and it obtains a business license for a sole proprietorship.